Have long since the end of the northwest coast of Irian and the whole north of the population affected by the population of the Maluku islands (Ambon, Ternate, Tidore, Seram and Key), it is not surprising that when the tribes along the coastal area of the nation (Fak-Fak, Sorong, Manokwari and Cenderawasih Bay) more reasonable classified as Ras from the Ras Melanesian Papua. Zending or mission of the German Protestant Christians (Ottow & Geissler) arrived on the island Mansinam Manokwari 5 February 1855 to further spread the teachings of religion along the northern coastal area of Irian. On 5 February 1935, there were more than 50,000 people profess Christian Protestant. Then in 1898 the Dutch Government to open the first post in the Fak-Fak and Manokwari and proceed with a government post in Merauke in the year 1902. Merauke activity of religious Catholic mission in general, and started along the southern coast of Irian. In the year 1933 there were as many as 7100 people embraces religious Catholic. Most of the basic education held by the religious mission, the school where teachers and religious teachers generally come from Eastern Indonesia (Ambon, Ternate, Tidore, Seram, Key, Manado, Sanger-Talaud, and Timor), where lessons are given in Malay. The division of the two religious groups are seemingly identical with the situation in Holland where Protestant Christians in the north and Christians in the Catholic South.
Education gets a large quota of the government budget in the Netherlands, in recent years the period of occupation, the education budget is to reach 11% of all 1961. But education is not tailored to the needs of labor disektor a modern economy, and that is more priority values and Christian Netherlands. At the end of the 1961 plan of education is directed to the increase in business skills, but more priority to education and spiritual progress of society. Although the language "Malay" language used as "Franca" (Lingua Franca), the Dutch still taught as a compulsory language from primary schools, language, English, German and French is the second language taught in that school.
In the 1950s basic education continues to be done by both the religious mission. Noted that in 1961 there were 496 schools with the mission without a subsidy of approximately 20,000 students. Primary School subsidies that as many as 776 the number of students in 1961 was approximately 45,000 students, and by the whole mission, and religious subjects are compulsory subjects in this case. In 1961 there were 1000 students studying in secondary schools, 95 people Irian abroad, namely the Netherlands, Port Moresby, and Australia where there is a university entrance and enter the School of Agriculture and the School Health Nurse (for example, the Netherlands National Institute for Tropica Agriculture and Papua Medical College in Port Moresby).
Although the Netherlands have issued a large budget for the West Irian wake up, but the relationship between city and village or villages remain limited. Relations sea and carried out by foreign companies Koninklijk Paketvaart Maatschappij (KPM), which connects the cities Hollandia, Biak, Manokwari, Sorong, Fak-Fak and Merauke, Singapore, the Netherlands. There are small boats belonging to the government for the tasks of the government. Netherlands also opened 17 offices and POS telecommunications service between the cities. There is a radio device that can contact the Hollandia-Amsterdam via Biak, there is also the city ditiap phone. There are airline Nederland Nieuw Guinea Luchvaart Maatschappij (NNGLM), which performs aviation-flight regularly between Hollandia, Biak, Manokwari, Sorong, Merauke, Jayawijaya and the plane, a DC-3, followed by airline Kroonduif and Koniklijk Luchvaart Maatschappij (KLM) for the flight abroad of Biak. Already since 1950 Biak airfield into the International field. In addition to these flights, there are also flights organized by the Protestant mission called Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF) and the flight was organized by the Catholic mission named Associated Mission Aviation (AMA) and the flight to the post-post penginjilan in the hinterland. Travel around the city there are large in the Hollandia 140 km, 135 km Biak, Manokwari, 105 km, 120 km Sorong, Fak-Fak 5 km and 70 km Merauke.
About the culture or community culture in the West Irian diverse it can be said, some tribes have a culture of high and imposing the tribes in the South Coast of Irian who is now better known as the tribe "ASMAT" ethnic group is famous for the grandeur of carved and dance. Irian culture that is diverse can be marked by the number of local languages, especially in West Irian. Based on the results of research from the husband-wife Barr's Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) in 1978 have 224 local languages in West Irian, where the number will continue to increase because the research is still carried out. The language of the West Irian classified into groups and Melanesian languages classified into 31 groups of languages, namely:
Tobati, Kuime, Sewan, Kauwerawet, Pauwi, Ambai, Turu, Wondama, Roon, Hatam, Arfak, Karon, Kapaur, Waoisiran, Mimika, Kapauku, Moni, Ingkipulu, Pesechem, Teliformin, Awin, Mandobo, Auyu, Sohur, Boazi, Klader, Komoron, Jap, Marind-Anim, Jenan, and Serki. Number of language above is vary from tens of tens of thousands of people to people.
Traditionally, type residential community West Irian can be divided into 4 groups where each type of life style have socio-economic and cultural articles.
1.
Population coastal beaches;
Population is the main livelihood as a fisherman while gardening and sago meramu that compliance with the settlement environment. Communication with the outside of the city and the community is not foreign to them.
2.
Rural population who inhabit the low;
They include peramu sago, gardening, fishing disungai, dihuta hunt around the neighborhood. They were happy to roam in small groups. They have that inhabit dry land and the people there and brackish swamps and along the river. Customs strict and they always suspect newcomers.
3.
The people who inhabit mountain valley;
They were farming in the planting, and keep the pig as the main livestock, sometimes they hunt and cite the results of the forest. Pattern pemukimannya remain in groups, with the friendly when compared with the second type (2). Customs run closely with the "Pig Party" as simbolnya. Hold tight and keep the promise. Revenge is an action heroism in seeking social harmony through "The War" that can be as diibaratkan rivalry or competition. The nature tehadap suspicious of foreigners but have not seketat of type 2 (the second).
4.
The people who inhabit mountain slopes, mountain slopes;
Pemukimannya place to see the remains on the slopes, mountain slopes, giving the impression that they occupy a strategic place to reach as early as possible where the enemy is always detect any living creatures that approached pemukimannya. Their customs are very strict, some are still "KANIBAL" until now, and suicide is a laudable action violated customary when will avoid a disaster because of the whole group of people. War is an event for the ethnic balance of social search, and suspicious of foreigners is also quite high.
In many cultures of the population Irian have a movement that psychotherapy with a popular term often called cargo cults. There is a movement of cargo is the oldest in the Irian Jaya in 1861 and going on in Biak called "KORERI". Current or movement of cargo last year in the years 1959 to 1962 in Gakokebo-Enarotali (Paniai district) called "WERE / WEGE" as has been raised that the movement of the politically motivated.
In the Netherlands meniggalkan West Irian, positions both in government, development (office-office) as both leaders and leaders of the son of middle submitted regions (the Papua / West Irian) according to their ability. Also, all home and property, including buildings and land owned by the Dutch that they submitted to the people of Papua kenalan (parlormaid colleague and friend) to have, because they can not sell and no buyers at that time.
Netherlands also leave excess conflicts between tribes as a result of major political events that is a conflict between "Elite Pro-Papua" and "Elite Pro-Indonesia" is marked with a conflict between "The Biak opponent Serui Tribe, Tribal land-Jayapura opponent Red Tribe Serui, "although in this case not everyone is pro-Biak Papua, not all people Serui the pro-India and not all the Land of the Red-Jayapura Papua pro-and pro-Indonesia.
Based on experience in the Netherlands Indies, Indonesia or independence in the Netherlands in 1945, the Dutch in the West Irian traverse very carefully to improve the life of people in various fields, and the Netherlands deliberately slow the growth in West Irian / Nieuw Guinea in accordance with the needs of people and request the West Irian. Say that it is a form of "Etis New-Style Politics." Including efforts to establish "Nasionalisme Papua." Dutch way that causes people Irian Jaya does not feel that their occupation because they are living in a situation of an economy that is good and does not feel the pain and pressure from the Netherlands.
Jumat, 02 Januari 2009
Minahasa Cultural Center
VILLAGE PULUTAN - PULUTAN VILLAGE
A village with crafts and pottery
household furniture from the land is located liat.Desa
not far from the town of Tondano.
This village has a pottery industry. It is located just
a few kilometers from Tondano.
Buddhist pagoda-TEMPLE
The building is a heritage from the oldest Buddhist
in eastern Indonesia. Usually there is a festival that
interest in the fusion between February
Chinese cultural and religious activities.
At the festival there is a showman as barongsay
and stuntman-stuntman. The building is located in the city of Manado
This Colorful Buddhist temple is the oldest in eastern
Indonesian. Atracctive There is an annual festival in this temple
februari.Mixing traditonal chinese cultural
and religious activities. In this festival there may be
performances like acrobatics and barongsay
The temple is located in the center of the city
Hansom - HORSE CAR
Transportation from a traditional Minahasa, usually pull in this vehicle
by a horse. Despite reaching the modern means of transportation to the villages
Minahasa regency no exception. but not fully
replace the traditional role of transport such as the gig is still
is a means of transportation for some excellent people Minahasa.
In addition to this transportation function tool. This gig was a charm which is quite unique
Hansom are undoubtedly the most picturesque mode of transport in Minahasa,
a side from the farmers oxcarts; traditonal Carts Pulled by a horse, sometimes
like a late 19 century trap but with large inflated tires like a bicycle. Gig is
avaliable for passenger 4-5. It, s very handy for short distance and small path
ways. The fare depend on the distance. You can not find them evewhere;
hillier part of Minahasa and up on the Highland plain.
KABASARAN dance - KABASARAN DANCE
Dance in this iringi by drum sound or a small gong. Clothing that
in use in this dance in a cloth of patola. Dancing with the
wearing the red uniform, goggle eyes, in the face of fierce iringi
timbrel while a sharp sword and spear. This dance
dance is a traditional military Minahasa. But
Now this dance is a dance to it
guests or large honored guests.
Kabasaran was originally a war dance. The dance is performed
by men wearing hats decorated with hornibill's or Rooster's feathers.
They are some varients of this dance. Sometimes it begins with
someone striking a tetengkoren (made from a bamboo).
The dance is led by a tonaas who gives the commands loudly and
proudly. Nowdays, this dance is performed as a dance to welcome
great guests.
LAKE LINOW - LINOW LAKE
Colors of the lake in this high-sulfur berkadar
always be change, depending on the light and prespektif
views. Birds of different species and sizes
membangnu houses around the lake and have a place
having grass green at the edge of the lake is ideal for eating
picnic-style lunch. Be careful-frngan mudhole mudhole
boiling mud on the shores of Lake, or you will end with
serious injury.
The colors in this higly sulphurous lake constantly change
depending on the light and viewing perspective. Many species
of large and smaal birds make their home around the lake and
the grassed area to one side is a very pleasant spot to take a
picnic lunch. Watch out for bubbling mudholes at The Edge of the
lake or you will end up with serious burns.
MARKET BERSEHATI - "BERSEHATI" Farmer TRADITIONAL MARKET
Tradional this market sell a variety of produce as many
type of fruit, vegetables and spices and household needs.
Tradisionnal market is generally sold with the price
murah.Pasar which is located in the north of the shopping center
manado city.
This is the market for fresh fish and vegetables. Just walking
distance north of the center of the city.
Air Terjun TIMES - TIMES WATERFALL
Waterfall time a beautiful, quiet and very impressive
located in the village of Kali district pineleng approximately 20 minutes
located a short distance by car from the center of public
manado. Walking in the forest menyenagkan.
This beautiful, quite and very impressive waterfall.
You can visit the waterfall in-time village about 20 minutes
drive from the central of Manado. A very pelasent jungle track.
LAKE TONDANO - TONDANO LAKE
Lake of the historic and the biggest lie in one of the
high Minahasa quite feasible in this visit. Padang -
the green of the broad to the lakeside, and a number of
restaurants bermenu roasted fish on the shores of Lake teresmbul where
you can eat fish in which the fuel with hidangkan
kangkung tumis. Do not forget to try DABU-DABU, a spicy samal
made of sliced red pepper, tomato and onion.
The largest lake in the region, the inte pleteau Scenic area is well worth
a visit. Fertile rice paddies leads towards the lake's edge and numorous
fish restaurants are dotted upon the Lakeside where you can sample
baked gold fish (koi fish) served with fresh water spinach. Dont forget
to try with fiery DABU-DABU, a local accompaniment to the fish consisting
choped of chillies, tomatoes and spring onions.
TRADITIONAL FACTORY HOUSE - (TRADITIONAL HOME)
You can visit the site houses a traditional wood
deliberately built in to the sale, precisely in the village woloan.
Houses, knock down the system is designed in such a way
so easy to plug in and loading up to the inter -
to revive, according to buyer demand.
You can visit the site where traditional wooden houses are built
in the small village of woloan. Knock down these houses can be
trasported to a site of the purchasers choice and the style is
particular to this region.
Reserve Angus TANGKOKO-STONE-TANGKOKO Nature Reserve
Reserve this unfold from the seaside to the mountains and is the
home to a number of flora and fauna. There monye black, Maleo birds, snakes, wild pigs
pigs and deer, birds rangkong. But the main attraction in a similar monkey by
activities that do little in the evening. forms a very small size for
make a monkey in the world's smallest primates and interesting to look at. Location
Bitung is located in the north. Destinations such as this may be suitable for the adventurous. because
perjalana samapi there to take about 3 hours and will be passing through the area
berbatu and sandy roads. But for those who are ready to travel
like this, the attractiveness of forest waiting.
The nature reserve is located on an open grassland and is home to a great variaty of flora
sand fauna. They are black apes, Maleo birds, snakes. wild pigs, deer Hornbill birds and deer.
But special interest is given to the monkeys tarsius which sneak out at dawn and dusk.
About a zise of the childs fist, these tiny monkeys are the smallest in the world and a delight
to see. The reserve is located north of Bitung. The day out is perhaps strictly for the
adventurous amongst you as a road is rough and rugged 3 hour trip, but for those
prepared to make a journey, the delights of the jungle await you.
WARUGA / AIRMANDIDI
Airmadidi there are many waruga, the ancestor of ancient tombs people Minahasa
since in the wake of the age megalitikum. form of the building very seriously
unique, in the form of a box-shaped stone in lubangi give in and cover the stones
in the form of a roof like a house.
Located in Airmadidi is an ancient historic Cemetery where Minahasan ancestors
are buried and is a remnant of the megalithic age. Waruga head stones are unique
square stones with holes in the moddle shaped Lids and Prism. The scenery and
route to this venue is also interesting with a sweeping vista of coconut and spice
trees.
TAMAN LAUT Bunaken - Bunaken NATIONAL PARK
Whether the visits in the Minahasa complete without a visit one day in the garden
coral reef Bunaken marine park? Certified as a marine national park
since 1991. This place has been used as a one of the region
suit sejagad important in this feast. only with the drive for 40 minutes
from the center of the port city of Manado. This garden mencangkup five islands, namely
Bunaken, Siladen, Manado, old, and Montehage Nain, in which each island
promises a number of diving locations and the Snorkling vary. Cliff
in particular inlet hole in the world, including rare and spectacular in say
the enthusiasm for saving the cave, drain holes and a small hole where
of the abundant marine life that ruah. Fish fish with color
brilliant back - back in the liukan-liukan soft coral reefs in the
water is clear and warm. Truly ideal for divers and beginners
that have been experienced.
What visit to Nort Sulawesi is complete without one day to view the spectacular
Gardens of the coral Bunaken Marine reserve? Declared Mrine of the park in 1991,
it is acknowledged as one of the top Dive sites in the wolrd. It is approximately
40 minutes drive from the central harbor Manado. The island of the Bunaken,
Siladen, Nain and Montehagend and the Dive and snorkelling sites
numorous and are diverse. The droop of the wall in the cove at liang
particular is rare in the world and by discribed enthusiasts with a spectacular
caves, gullies and carvens harbouring an immense wealth of marine life. Brilliantly
colored fish dart amongst the vibrant coran and the water is clear and warm.
Ideal for first time snorkellers or experienced divers alike.
Culture & Tourism in North Sulawesi
MOUNTAIN MAHAWU - MAHAWU MOUNTAIN
Mount Mahawu provide panoramic mountain extraordinary.
lerengnya the land travel offers that are less challenging
but the landscape is no less impressive. In the crater
which is surrounded with quite easily hidden lake green zambrud
steamy with the savings that sulfur yellow. You can
climb this mountain with the public. From there you
should run about one hour to reach the peak.
Objects tour Tomohon village is located, can be reached by car
general approximately 25 km from the city manado.
The mountain has volcanic crater lake of considerable beauty, is Mahawu save
to climb. After a ride of about 1 hour to reach the top of the mountain. On the way
to the top we cross onion, potatoes and field cowl slightly later and wet forest.
But the way up you will be easy going except after rain. The last ten minutes to
the top are a little more bite climb and ussually you will sweat a little more bite
the temperature. But you will be highly appreciatted from the view around, you will
manado see the islands before, plenty another Volcanoes, Tomohon itself and
Tondano town with the lake Tondano. You can visit Mahawu mountain in Tomohon
about 25 km away from Manado.
Whitewater Rafting
One of the adventure is tense and spectacular
in the north sulawesi. Travel the rivers will eat this
time is approximately one and a half hours and eventually you will
ask to repeat the cry while.
One of the most spectacular and thrilling adventure tours
north sulawesi. Your journey down the river will take about
one and a half hours and at the end you will scream for more.
GUA JAPAN - JAPANESE Cave
Approximately 20 km from the city center there is a residual Tomohon
the form of a number of caves in the wake of the second world war.
One frightening memories from one of the upheaval in
Indonesian history.
Located on the hill along the Roadside approximately 20 kms from
Tomohon city, are japanese tunnels dug during the Japanese occupation
in world war two. Largely used for storage purposes, they are an Errie
Reminder of a turbulent time in Indonesia's history.
A village with crafts and pottery
household furniture from the land is located liat.Desa
not far from the town of Tondano.
This village has a pottery industry. It is located just
a few kilometers from Tondano.
Buddhist pagoda-TEMPLE
The building is a heritage from the oldest Buddhist
in eastern Indonesia. Usually there is a festival that
interest in the fusion between February
Chinese cultural and religious activities.
At the festival there is a showman as barongsay
and stuntman-stuntman. The building is located in the city of Manado
This Colorful Buddhist temple is the oldest in eastern
Indonesian. Atracctive There is an annual festival in this temple
februari.Mixing traditonal chinese cultural
and religious activities. In this festival there may be
performances like acrobatics and barongsay
The temple is located in the center of the city
Hansom - HORSE CAR
Transportation from a traditional Minahasa, usually pull in this vehicle
by a horse. Despite reaching the modern means of transportation to the villages
Minahasa regency no exception. but not fully
replace the traditional role of transport such as the gig is still
is a means of transportation for some excellent people Minahasa.
In addition to this transportation function tool. This gig was a charm which is quite unique
Hansom are undoubtedly the most picturesque mode of transport in Minahasa,
a side from the farmers oxcarts; traditonal Carts Pulled by a horse, sometimes
like a late 19 century trap but with large inflated tires like a bicycle. Gig is
avaliable for passenger 4-5. It, s very handy for short distance and small path
ways. The fare depend on the distance. You can not find them evewhere;
hillier part of Minahasa and up on the Highland plain.
KABASARAN dance - KABASARAN DANCE
Dance in this iringi by drum sound or a small gong. Clothing that
in use in this dance in a cloth of patola. Dancing with the
wearing the red uniform, goggle eyes, in the face of fierce iringi
timbrel while a sharp sword and spear. This dance
dance is a traditional military Minahasa. But
Now this dance is a dance to it
guests or large honored guests.
Kabasaran was originally a war dance. The dance is performed
by men wearing hats decorated with hornibill's or Rooster's feathers.
They are some varients of this dance. Sometimes it begins with
someone striking a tetengkoren (made from a bamboo).
The dance is led by a tonaas who gives the commands loudly and
proudly. Nowdays, this dance is performed as a dance to welcome
great guests.
LAKE LINOW - LINOW LAKE
Colors of the lake in this high-sulfur berkadar
always be change, depending on the light and prespektif
views. Birds of different species and sizes
membangnu houses around the lake and have a place
having grass green at the edge of the lake is ideal for eating
picnic-style lunch. Be careful-frngan mudhole mudhole
boiling mud on the shores of Lake, or you will end with
serious injury.
The colors in this higly sulphurous lake constantly change
depending on the light and viewing perspective. Many species
of large and smaal birds make their home around the lake and
the grassed area to one side is a very pleasant spot to take a
picnic lunch. Watch out for bubbling mudholes at The Edge of the
lake or you will end up with serious burns.
MARKET BERSEHATI - "BERSEHATI" Farmer TRADITIONAL MARKET
Tradional this market sell a variety of produce as many
type of fruit, vegetables and spices and household needs.
Tradisionnal market is generally sold with the price
murah.Pasar which is located in the north of the shopping center
manado city.
This is the market for fresh fish and vegetables. Just walking
distance north of the center of the city.
Air Terjun TIMES - TIMES WATERFALL
Waterfall time a beautiful, quiet and very impressive
located in the village of Kali district pineleng approximately 20 minutes
located a short distance by car from the center of public
manado. Walking in the forest menyenagkan.
This beautiful, quite and very impressive waterfall.
You can visit the waterfall in-time village about 20 minutes
drive from the central of Manado. A very pelasent jungle track.
LAKE TONDANO - TONDANO LAKE
Lake of the historic and the biggest lie in one of the
high Minahasa quite feasible in this visit. Padang -
the green of the broad to the lakeside, and a number of
restaurants bermenu roasted fish on the shores of Lake teresmbul where
you can eat fish in which the fuel with hidangkan
kangkung tumis. Do not forget to try DABU-DABU, a spicy samal
made of sliced red pepper, tomato and onion.
The largest lake in the region, the inte pleteau Scenic area is well worth
a visit. Fertile rice paddies leads towards the lake's edge and numorous
fish restaurants are dotted upon the Lakeside where you can sample
baked gold fish (koi fish) served with fresh water spinach. Dont forget
to try with fiery DABU-DABU, a local accompaniment to the fish consisting
choped of chillies, tomatoes and spring onions.
TRADITIONAL FACTORY HOUSE - (TRADITIONAL HOME)
You can visit the site houses a traditional wood
deliberately built in to the sale, precisely in the village woloan.
Houses, knock down the system is designed in such a way
so easy to plug in and loading up to the inter -
to revive, according to buyer demand.
You can visit the site where traditional wooden houses are built
in the small village of woloan. Knock down these houses can be
trasported to a site of the purchasers choice and the style is
particular to this region.
Reserve Angus TANGKOKO-STONE-TANGKOKO Nature Reserve
Reserve this unfold from the seaside to the mountains and is the
home to a number of flora and fauna. There monye black, Maleo birds, snakes, wild pigs
pigs and deer, birds rangkong. But the main attraction in a similar monkey by
activities that do little in the evening. forms a very small size for
make a monkey in the world's smallest primates and interesting to look at. Location
Bitung is located in the north. Destinations such as this may be suitable for the adventurous. because
perjalana samapi there to take about 3 hours and will be passing through the area
berbatu and sandy roads. But for those who are ready to travel
like this, the attractiveness of forest waiting.
The nature reserve is located on an open grassland and is home to a great variaty of flora
sand fauna. They are black apes, Maleo birds, snakes. wild pigs, deer Hornbill birds and deer.
But special interest is given to the monkeys tarsius which sneak out at dawn and dusk.
About a zise of the childs fist, these tiny monkeys are the smallest in the world and a delight
to see. The reserve is located north of Bitung. The day out is perhaps strictly for the
adventurous amongst you as a road is rough and rugged 3 hour trip, but for those
prepared to make a journey, the delights of the jungle await you.
WARUGA / AIRMANDIDI
Airmadidi there are many waruga, the ancestor of ancient tombs people Minahasa
since in the wake of the age megalitikum. form of the building very seriously
unique, in the form of a box-shaped stone in lubangi give in and cover the stones
in the form of a roof like a house.
Located in Airmadidi is an ancient historic Cemetery where Minahasan ancestors
are buried and is a remnant of the megalithic age. Waruga head stones are unique
square stones with holes in the moddle shaped Lids and Prism. The scenery and
route to this venue is also interesting with a sweeping vista of coconut and spice
trees.
TAMAN LAUT Bunaken - Bunaken NATIONAL PARK
Whether the visits in the Minahasa complete without a visit one day in the garden
coral reef Bunaken marine park? Certified as a marine national park
since 1991. This place has been used as a one of the region
suit sejagad important in this feast. only with the drive for 40 minutes
from the center of the port city of Manado. This garden mencangkup five islands, namely
Bunaken, Siladen, Manado, old, and Montehage Nain, in which each island
promises a number of diving locations and the Snorkling vary. Cliff
in particular inlet hole in the world, including rare and spectacular in say
the enthusiasm for saving the cave, drain holes and a small hole where
of the abundant marine life that ruah. Fish fish with color
brilliant back - back in the liukan-liukan soft coral reefs in the
water is clear and warm. Truly ideal for divers and beginners
that have been experienced.
What visit to Nort Sulawesi is complete without one day to view the spectacular
Gardens of the coral Bunaken Marine reserve? Declared Mrine of the park in 1991,
it is acknowledged as one of the top Dive sites in the wolrd. It is approximately
40 minutes drive from the central harbor Manado. The island of the Bunaken,
Siladen, Nain and Montehagend and the Dive and snorkelling sites
numorous and are diverse. The droop of the wall in the cove at liang
particular is rare in the world and by discribed enthusiasts with a spectacular
caves, gullies and carvens harbouring an immense wealth of marine life. Brilliantly
colored fish dart amongst the vibrant coran and the water is clear and warm.
Ideal for first time snorkellers or experienced divers alike.
Culture & Tourism in North Sulawesi
MOUNTAIN MAHAWU - MAHAWU MOUNTAIN
Mount Mahawu provide panoramic mountain extraordinary.
lerengnya the land travel offers that are less challenging
but the landscape is no less impressive. In the crater
which is surrounded with quite easily hidden lake green zambrud
steamy with the savings that sulfur yellow. You can
climb this mountain with the public. From there you
should run about one hour to reach the peak.
Objects tour Tomohon village is located, can be reached by car
general approximately 25 km from the city manado.
The mountain has volcanic crater lake of considerable beauty, is Mahawu save
to climb. After a ride of about 1 hour to reach the top of the mountain. On the way
to the top we cross onion, potatoes and field cowl slightly later and wet forest.
But the way up you will be easy going except after rain. The last ten minutes to
the top are a little more bite climb and ussually you will sweat a little more bite
the temperature. But you will be highly appreciatted from the view around, you will
manado see the islands before, plenty another Volcanoes, Tomohon itself and
Tondano town with the lake Tondano. You can visit Mahawu mountain in Tomohon
about 25 km away from Manado.
Whitewater Rafting
One of the adventure is tense and spectacular
in the north sulawesi. Travel the rivers will eat this
time is approximately one and a half hours and eventually you will
ask to repeat the cry while.
One of the most spectacular and thrilling adventure tours
north sulawesi. Your journey down the river will take about
one and a half hours and at the end you will scream for more.
GUA JAPAN - JAPANESE Cave
Approximately 20 km from the city center there is a residual Tomohon
the form of a number of caves in the wake of the second world war.
One frightening memories from one of the upheaval in
Indonesian history.
Located on the hill along the Roadside approximately 20 kms from
Tomohon city, are japanese tunnels dug during the Japanese occupation
in world war two. Largely used for storage purposes, they are an Errie
Reminder of a turbulent time in Indonesia's history.
Social and Culture in Central Sulawesi
Central Sulawesi capital of Palu is. The city is located in the Gulf of Palu and two by the Palu River Valley endwise from Palu and empty the sea. A native of South Central is made up of 12 ethnic groups or tribes, namely:
1. Kaili ethnic peace in the district of Donggala and Palu;
2. Ethnic Kulawi Donggala residence in the district;
3. Lore ethnic peace in the Poso district;
4. Amona ethnic peace in the Poso district;
5. Mori ethnic peace in Morowali district;
6. Ethnic Bungku dwells in Morowali district;
7. Saluan ethnic or Loinang dwells in Banggai regency;
8. Ethnic Balantak dwells in Banggai regency;
9. Banggai ethnic peace in the Banggai Islands;
10. Ethnic occupy Buol district Buol;
11. Tolitoli ethnic peace in the district and Tolitoli
12. Tomini ethnic inhabited districts Moutong Parigi.
Of 12 groups / ethnicity, the number of indigenous leaders are stakeholders as much as 216 people.
In addition to the 12 ethnic groups, there are several tribes living in mountainous areas such as ethnic Da'a in Donggala, Morowali tribe in Wana, the tribe of the Banggai Seasea and tribes in the Daya Buol Tolitoli. Although the community of Central Sulawesi has around 22 different languages of each other between the tribes with each other, but people can communicate with each other using English as the national language and language daily.
In addition to the natives, also in Central Sulawesi is inhabited by transmigrants as from Bali, Java, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara with the Bugis community and other ethnic and Makassar in Indonesia since the early 19th century and is diffuse. The number of residents in the area around 2,128,000 inhabitants who are the majority of Islam, other Christian, Hindu and Buddhist. Tolerance level is very high and the spirit of mutual help is a strong part of community life.
People living in rural areas diketuai by tradition the head of the government in addition to leaders such as the Village Head. Chairman of the customary law and set a fine for the violation of water buffalo. Generally, people are often friendly and honest conduct ceremonies to welcome the guests such as the white chicken, rice, eggs, and palm wine is fermented and stored in the bamboo.
Traditionally, the people of Central Sulawesi has a set of custom clothing made from bark ivo (beech Beringin) fine and high quality. This distinguished traditional clothing for men and women.
Elements of culture and tradition which is still owned by, among others:
1. Traditional clothing made from bark ivo;
2. Custom house called tambi;
3. Traditional ceremonies;
In addition to customs and culture have the characteristic of the region, in Central Sulawesi also has a craft-a craft that is also unique:
1. Woodcraft black (ebony);
2. Crafts braid;
3. Donggala handicrafts woven fabric; and
4. Crafts leather clothing ivo.
General conditions keber-agamaan in 2005 of the community consists of:
1. The community level with Islam as a percentage of 78.9%;
2. The Society Religion Protestant Christian, with percentage of 16.29%;
3. Religion Christian community the Catholic percentage of the level of 1.47%;
4. Religion Hindu community with the level of 3.07% percentage;
5. Religion Buddhist community with the level of 0.68% percentage. Embraces religious diversity in the Central Sulawesi Communicate through the Communication Forum of Religion people who work mendinamisir harmonious life among religious people, religious people and the internal harmony among the people are with the government, with the pattern of mutual respect between each other.
by:Indonesia
1. Kaili ethnic peace in the district of Donggala and Palu;
2. Ethnic Kulawi Donggala residence in the district;
3. Lore ethnic peace in the Poso district;
4. Amona ethnic peace in the Poso district;
5. Mori ethnic peace in Morowali district;
6. Ethnic Bungku dwells in Morowali district;
7. Saluan ethnic or Loinang dwells in Banggai regency;
8. Ethnic Balantak dwells in Banggai regency;
9. Banggai ethnic peace in the Banggai Islands;
10. Ethnic occupy Buol district Buol;
11. Tolitoli ethnic peace in the district and Tolitoli
12. Tomini ethnic inhabited districts Moutong Parigi.
Of 12 groups / ethnicity, the number of indigenous leaders are stakeholders as much as 216 people.
In addition to the 12 ethnic groups, there are several tribes living in mountainous areas such as ethnic Da'a in Donggala, Morowali tribe in Wana, the tribe of the Banggai Seasea and tribes in the Daya Buol Tolitoli. Although the community of Central Sulawesi has around 22 different languages of each other between the tribes with each other, but people can communicate with each other using English as the national language and language daily.
In addition to the natives, also in Central Sulawesi is inhabited by transmigrants as from Bali, Java, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara with the Bugis community and other ethnic and Makassar in Indonesia since the early 19th century and is diffuse. The number of residents in the area around 2,128,000 inhabitants who are the majority of Islam, other Christian, Hindu and Buddhist. Tolerance level is very high and the spirit of mutual help is a strong part of community life.
People living in rural areas diketuai by tradition the head of the government in addition to leaders such as the Village Head. Chairman of the customary law and set a fine for the violation of water buffalo. Generally, people are often friendly and honest conduct ceremonies to welcome the guests such as the white chicken, rice, eggs, and palm wine is fermented and stored in the bamboo.
Traditionally, the people of Central Sulawesi has a set of custom clothing made from bark ivo (beech Beringin) fine and high quality. This distinguished traditional clothing for men and women.
Elements of culture and tradition which is still owned by, among others:
1. Traditional clothing made from bark ivo;
2. Custom house called tambi;
3. Traditional ceremonies;
In addition to customs and culture have the characteristic of the region, in Central Sulawesi also has a craft-a craft that is also unique:
1. Woodcraft black (ebony);
2. Crafts braid;
3. Donggala handicrafts woven fabric; and
4. Crafts leather clothing ivo.
General conditions keber-agamaan in 2005 of the community consists of:
1. The community level with Islam as a percentage of 78.9%;
2. The Society Religion Protestant Christian, with percentage of 16.29%;
3. Religion Christian community the Catholic percentage of the level of 1.47%;
4. Religion Hindu community with the level of 3.07% percentage;
5. Religion Buddhist community with the level of 0.68% percentage. Embraces religious diversity in the Central Sulawesi Communicate through the Communication Forum of Religion people who work mendinamisir harmonious life among religious people, religious people and the internal harmony among the people are with the government, with the pattern of mutual respect between each other.
by:Indonesia
Social and Culture of South Sulawesi Province
Many ethnic and local languages used community of South Sulawesi, but the most dominant ethnic languages as well as the most common use is Makassar, Bugis and Toraja. One of the popular culture that is foreign to the culture and customs Tana Toraja unique and interesting. The song is often sung song in which the Makasar Rencong Ma-rencong, Pakarena and Anging Mamiri. While the song is Bugis Indo Logo, Bulu and Alaina and Tempe to Tana Toraja is a song Tondo.
Custom homes in Bugis, Makassar and Tator traditional architecture that has almost the same shape. Houses are built stand at the top of the poles and therefore have a vault. High levels of each pit is adjusted with the social status of the owner, such as a king, noble, dignitary and ordinary people. People in there to believe that during this first period of the prehistoric South Sulawesi is the Toale. This is based on the findings of Fritz and Paul Sarasin Toale of people, which means that the people who live in the forest, or more correctly said of the forest. People still Toale family with one family clan Wedda in Sri Lanka.
One of the traditional ceremony in Tanah Toraja (Tator) is a ritual signs Solo (ceremony sorrow / death) which is a ritual as the expression of sorrow. While there are Bugis community be the philosophy of life "Aja Muamelo Ribetta Makkala 'Ricappa'na Letengnge", which means that the community awaits with full hope that leaders of government to act and react quickly deft precede other people with the full courage despite the heavy challenges.
There is also the philosophy of "Namo maega Pabbisena, Nabongngo Pollopina, Teawa Nalureng". That is even though many pendayungnya interpreter mudinya but not advanced, I do not want it menumpangi boat. In other words, this philosophy teaches that if there is not intelligent leader, as he was not followed even though many punggawanya.
from:Indonesia
Custom homes in Bugis, Makassar and Tator traditional architecture that has almost the same shape. Houses are built stand at the top of the poles and therefore have a vault. High levels of each pit is adjusted with the social status of the owner, such as a king, noble, dignitary and ordinary people. People in there to believe that during this first period of the prehistoric South Sulawesi is the Toale. This is based on the findings of Fritz and Paul Sarasin Toale of people, which means that the people who live in the forest, or more correctly said of the forest. People still Toale family with one family clan Wedda in Sri Lanka.
One of the traditional ceremony in Tanah Toraja (Tator) is a ritual signs Solo (ceremony sorrow / death) which is a ritual as the expression of sorrow. While there are Bugis community be the philosophy of life "Aja Muamelo Ribetta Makkala 'Ricappa'na Letengnge", which means that the community awaits with full hope that leaders of government to act and react quickly deft precede other people with the full courage despite the heavy challenges.
There is also the philosophy of "Namo maega Pabbisena, Nabongngo Pollopina, Teawa Nalureng". That is even though many pendayungnya interpreter mudinya but not advanced, I do not want it menumpangi boat. In other words, this philosophy teaches that if there is not intelligent leader, as he was not followed even though many punggawanya.
from:Indonesia
Social West Sulawesi
West Sulawesi province according to the history of some of the Kingdom, demonstrated outside the presence of artefacts in the former department Mandar. Here, there are 14 kingdoms, each Balanipa, Banggae, Pamboang, Sendana, Tappalang, Mamuju, Binuang, Rante Bulahan, Aralie, Mambi, Tabulahan, Matangga, Bambang and Tabang.
There are six local languages commonly used, each Mandar, Toraja, Bugis, Makassar, Java and Bali. There are some tribes / ethnic diversity into the culture in the South West, including Tribal Mandar (49.15%), The Toraja (13.95), The Bugis (10.79%), The Java (5.38%), Interest makasar (1.59%), other tribes (19.15%).
Mandar people are gob-seamen ingenious. When sailing, they will rely on the good and prohibition surrender. This is evidenced by the expression "Takkalai disombalang dotai catfish ruppu dadi na tuali in lolangan" Mandar people uphold things good, true and noble. Mandar people aspire to make their region "the Mandar masagena na mala bi", meaning Mandar region and the most glorious.
There are six local languages commonly used, each Mandar, Toraja, Bugis, Makassar, Java and Bali. There are some tribes / ethnic diversity into the culture in the South West, including Tribal Mandar (49.15%), The Toraja (13.95), The Bugis (10.79%), The Java (5.38%), Interest makasar (1.59%), other tribes (19.15%).
Mandar people are gob-seamen ingenious. When sailing, they will rely on the good and prohibition surrender. This is evidenced by the expression "Takkalai disombalang dotai catfish ruppu dadi na tuali in lolangan" Mandar people uphold things good, true and noble. Mandar people aspire to make their region "the Mandar masagena na mala bi", meaning Mandar region and the most glorious.
Social Culture of North Sumatra
North Sumatra province, also known as a multicultural, there is the ethnic and religious. Apart from Batak and Malay which is the original inhabitants of the province, there are also other ethnic groups who also live side by side. At least 13 tribes have developed in this province, 13 local languages. Of all the tribes there, nine of which are the tribe of native tribes and four newcomers. The diversity of tribes is not including Java, China and India are also living side by side with them.
Diversity of ethnic mosaic followed by the customs and cultural values. The diversity of customs in the North Sumatra colored by indigenous Batak, Mandailing, Malay, Karo, Nias, Coastal, Angkola, Pakpak and Simalungun. Socio-cultural development of the relatively well considering the level of awareness and maturity to understand the pluralism in society, the diversity of culture, custom mosaic and harmony among the people is high enough.
Diversity of ethnic mosaic followed by the customs and cultural values. The diversity of customs in the North Sumatra colored by indigenous Batak, Mandailing, Malay, Karo, Nias, Coastal, Angkola, Pakpak and Simalungun. Socio-cultural development of the relatively well considering the level of awareness and maturity to understand the pluralism in society, the diversity of culture, custom mosaic and harmony among the people is high enough.
from:ina.go.id
Kamis, 01 Januari 2009
Sumatra Western Culture
West Sumatra is a province located on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. This province is the eleventh terluas provinces in Indonesia.
Conditions and natural resources
Geography
Maninjau Lake, one of the lake in West Sumatra
West Sumatra is located in the western part of the central island of Sumatra with a 42,297.30 km ². This province has a low in the west coast, and high vulkanik formed Bukit Barisan which extends from northwest to southeast. Mentawai Islands, located in the Indian Ocean, including in this province. Coastline of West Sumatra entirely with the Indian Ocean along the 375 km.
Lake which is located in West Sumatra is Maninjau (99.5 km ²), Singkarak (130.1 km ²), above (31.5 km ²), Under (Dibaruh) (14.0 km ²), Talang (5.0 km ²)
Some of the major rivers in the island of Sumatra disgorge in this province, namely Sungai Kampar, Rokan River, River Inderagiri (referred to as the Batang Kuantan in the upper part), Sungai Kampar and Batang Hari. All this river estuary on the east coast of Sumatra, the Riau and Jambi provinces.
The rivers that empty in the west coast of short-shorts. Some of them are Batang Anai, Batang Arau, and Trunk Tarusan.
The mountains in West Sumatra is Marapi (2,891 m), Sago (2,271 m), Singgalang (2,877 m), Tandikat (2,438 m), Talakmau (2,912 m), Talang (2,572 m).
Biodiversity
West Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a rich source of biodiversity. Most of the region is still the natural forests and protected.
In tropical forests in West Sumatra can be found many rare species, such as Rafflesia arnoldii (the world's largest flower), Sumatran tiger, gibbon, tapir, deer, bear, and various types of bird and butterfly.
There are two National Park in the province: Siberut National Park is located on the island of Siberut (Mentawai District) and the Kerinci Seblat National Park. National Park last extend the area in four provinces: West Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu and South Sumatra.
In addition to the two National Park is still some other nature, that is Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, Lembah Anai Nature Reserve, Batang Palupuh Nature, Nature Valley Harau, Taman Raya Bung Hatta, and Nature Reserve Beringin Sakti.
natural resources
Coal, iron, stone, stone Galena, black Lead, Zinc, Manganase, Gold, lime stone (cement), coconut palm, Fisheries, Cocoa.
Social
Tribal nations
The majority of the population of West Sumatra is the Minangkabau tribe. In areas other than Pasaman tribe also dwelt Minang ethnic Batak Mandailing Mentawai tribe found in the Mentawai Islands.
Languages
The language used in daily life is the local language, namely English Minangkabau who has several dialects, such as dialect Bukittinggi, Pariaman dialect, dialects and dialect Pesisir Selatan Payakumbuh. Pasaman in the area bordered by the North Sumatra, dituturkan also Mandailing Batak dialect, which is usually used ethnic Batak Mandailing. Meanwhile, in the form of the Mentawai Islands and is located some forty kilometers offshore West Sumatra, the language used is English Mentawai.
Religion
The majority of the population of West Sumatra Islamite. In addition there is also a Christian in the Mentawai Islands, and the Hindu and Buddhist, in general, is the newcomer.
Education
Universities in West Sumatra:
* State University of Padang
* University
* Bung Hatta University
* University Baiturrahmah
* University Putra Indonesia
* University Ekasakti
* Muhammadiyah University of West Sumatra
* Institute of Technology, Padang
* STSI Padang Panjang
* STMIK Indonesia
* STMIK Jayanusa
* STBA decent
* STIE "KBP" Padang
* Dharma STIE Andalas
* AKBP Padang
* ABA Alaska
* Industrial Technology Academy Padang
Social Issues
Unemployment, teenage dropouts, street children and the general social problems faced by all local governments in Indonesia. While for the West Sumatra provincial unemployment, street children and teenagers out of school are relatively small.
Government country
Until 1979 the smallest unit of government in West Sumatra is country, existing before the independence of Indonesia. By The implementation of Law No. 5 Year 1979 on Village Governance, Nagari status removed, and the ellipse-ellipse enhanced status and became the village. The position of Wali Nagari deleted and administration of government run by the village head.
With the introduction of the Autonomous Region in 2001, the term other than "country" and their return keistimewaannya used in West Sumatra.
Nagari led by a Wali Nagari, and in the running of government, assisted by the Guardians Nagari some Jorong head. Wali Nagari selected by children nagari (nagari population) are democratic. Usually chosen to be the guardian nagari are considered the most about all aspects of life in Minangkabau culture, so that the guardian is able to nagari all the problems faced by children nagari.
In an established Kerapatan Nagari Adat Nagari, which is the institution of Tigo Sajarangan fireplace. Tigo Sajarangan fireplace is a representation of children nagari consists of Alim Ulama, Cadiak Pandai (the intellectual) and Niniak mamak the leader of a tribe in Nagari. Important decision that decision will be taken always between Wali Nagari and Tigo Sajarangan fireplace in the Balai Adat, or royal audience hall Sari Nagari.
Employment
As in other areas in Indonesia, penganggura is still a problem that is still not resolved. In 2006, unemployment in Sumbar reach 48% or about 853,123 people. [1] [2] The high number is due to the low employment in almost all sectors of development in Sumatra. [2]
Energy and Mineral
At this time have found the source of iron minerals such as seeds, plumbum, mangan-quality exports, including in South Solok, Dharmas Raya and Surian (Bath Beach Solok).
Transportation
Air transportation to and from West Sumatra at this time through the Minangkabau International Airport (BIM) with the international abbreviation MIA. Airports community pride of West Sumatra are located in Padang Pariaman district, approximately 20 km from the center of Padang. Airports began actively operating at the end of 2005 replaces the Tabing Airport.
Transportation land for public transport to and from West Sumatra is at the Regional Air Terminal Pacah, Padang. Terminal serves public inter-city inter-provincial (AKAP) and between cities in the province (AKDP). Distribution channels between cities in the province's Regional Air Terminal Pacah will end in the area of level II namely public transport terminal in each municipality or district in West Sumatra.
Sea transportation to and from West Sumatra is at the Port of Bay Bayur, Padang.
Transportation to and from the rivers of West Sumatra at Muara Port, Padang. Muara Port of transportation, among others, serve the Mentawai Islands using fast boats (or ferry boat speed). This port is also a place of rest to its cruise ships (yachts).
Tourism, Arts and Culture
Basa Istano Pagaruyung built in the typical architecture Minang
Root bridge, the potential tourist objects to dipopulerkan
Tourism
In the province we can find almost all kinds of natural objects such as sea tours, beaches, lakes, mountains and the canyon, in addition to cultural tourism object. Accommodation hotels have started a lot of class from jasmine to four stars. Tour & travel agents under the membership ASITA West Sumatra is more than 100 units. Complete supporting facilities for tourism, the government also provides a train tour that operates at a certain hour.
Objects that attract tourism and many tourists visited are:
* Lake Maninjau
* Lake Singkarak
* Lake Above and Below
* Lembah Anai, Padang Panjang
* Panorama Sianok canyon, Bukittinggi
* Benteng Fort de Kock, Bukittinggi
* Jam Gadang, Bukittinggi
* Beach Air Manis, Padang
* Beach Muaro, Padang
* Caroline Beach, Padang
* Palace Pagarruyung, Batusangkar
* Harau, Payakumbuh
* Gunuang Red and White, Hard Water
Music
Feel the Minangkabau in West Sumatra each music mixed with any type of music at this time will be seen from each of the songs are circulating in masyarat. This is because the music can Minang diracik with the flow of any type of music so well can be heard and accepted by the community. Elements feel of our music consists of traditional music instruments instruments saluang, bansi, talempong, rabab, and gandang tabuik.
Minangkabau instrumentalia form of music and songs from this region in general are melankolis. This is closely associated with the structure of the population who have a sense of brotherhood, love and family relations will be home to be with the high customs wander away.
The music industry in West Sumatra's growing with the emergence of artists who can mix Minang music to modern music in the traditional Minangkabau. The development of modern music Minangkabau in West Sumatra has been started since 1950s marked the birth of Light Gumarang.
Elly Kasim, Tiar Ramon Yan Juned and local performers is the famous West Sumatra in the era of 1970s to the present.
Among the companies that developed the music recording West Sumatra Minang Record is located in the city of Bukittinggi.
Recording companies in West Sumatra, among others:
* Minang Record (Bukittinggi)
* Tanama Record (Padang)
* Gita Virma Record (Bukittinggi)
* Planet Record (Padang)
* Pitunang Record (Padang)
* Record Sinar Padang (Padang)
* Caroline Record (Padang)
At this time the performers, the creator of songs, music and Playground in West Sumatra shelter under the organization PAPPRI (United Artists Penyanyi Creator Playground song music recording Indonesia) and PARMI (United Artists Minang Indonesia).
Dance
The classical dance traditions that come from the West Sumatra ditarikan by men and women generally have a movement active dynamic but remain in the groove and the special order. This uniqueness lies in the principle Minangkabau dance to learn that nature, therefore dynamism dance-movement dance tradition Minang always typify elements of nature. The influence of Islam, their unique customs and kebiasan wander matrilineal society also gives the influence of a life in Minangkabau dance tradition.
Various traditional dance from West Sumatra include:
1. Dancing plates
2. Tari Payung
3. Dancing Randai
4. Dancing Pasambahan
5. Dancing Indang
Art of traditional dance from the International Pencak Silat is a merging of dance movement and martial arts typical Minang. Pencak Silat in Minangkabau have some flow, flow between its Kumango.Tarian this tiger is usually taught to men in Minangkabau small to tread since the age of clever baligh (the age of 6 to 12 years) to make provision wander. During this dance art Pencak Silat is the world federation with the world pencak silat IPSF (International Pencak Silat Federation).
House Ceremony
Custom house called the House of West Sumatra Gadang. Custom house speaker each tiangnya not horizontal or vertical, but have a slope. This is caused by the first person who came from the sea only know where I make a boat. Ship design is what makes imitated in the house. Custom house jugat nails but do not use the wooden pegs. This region of West Sumatra due to the earthquake-prone, both vulkanik and tektonik. If dipasak with each timber will have the stronger the earthquake mengikatnya. [Reference?]
Traditional Weapon
Weapon traditional West Sumatra is Keris. Keris usually worn by men and placed on the front, while now only be used for the bridegroom men. Various types of spear, sword length, chopsticks are also used by kings in Minangkabau maintain themselves.
Food
In the culinary world, West Sumatra, Padang, the cuisine and the restaurant. Padang is famous for the spicy cuisine can be found in almost all corners of the archipelago, and also can be found overseas.
Some examples of food from West Sumatra is a very popular rendang, Sate Padang, jerked meat Balado, Ayam Pop, Soto Padang, and pulp Kampiun
In addition, the West Sumatra also has hundreds of recipes, such as Galamai, diamond, Kipang Beans, Bareh Randang, Dakak-dakak, Rakik Maco, Karupuak Balado and Karupuak Sanjai. Food typical of each city and district in West Sumatra to be the fruit of (gift) is the famous city with bengkuang and karupuak balado, Kota Padang Panjang satenya with the famous, with the City of Bukittinggi karupuak sanjai, Payakumbuh with the City and galamai bareh rendang, Agam regency, the palai pensi rinuak and, with the South Coastal District rakik Maco, Tanah Datar with lamang The Limo and dakak-dakak simabua it.
Literature
Literature on the history of West Sumatra and the Minangkabau culture in general can be found among others in the Cultural Center for Information Documentation Minangkabau (PDIKM), which is located in the middle of the village tourism object Minangkabau (Minangkabau Village), the city of Padang Panjang, West Sumatra.
PDIKM in many historical information stored Minangkabau society, especially since the 18 century (Dutch colonial period) to the new form of documentation 1980'an photos mikrograf newspapers, traditional clothing, tapes recording the songs, documentation letters governance and flow history Minangkabau society in detail.
Literature on the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, and many will also be established in the Library KITLV (Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde) and in Leiden University Library, both in Leiden, Netherlands.
History of West Sumatra (Minangkabau)
Main article for this section are: History of West Sumatra
West Sumatra in the past is the core of the Kingdom of Pagaruyung. Adminisitrasi in the colonial Dutch East Indies, joined in this area Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust which also includes local Tapanuli. Since 1906 the Tapanuli separated into Residentie Tapanuli. While the region and then combined to Kerinci in Sumatra's Westkust.
At the beginning of the independence of Indonesia, the region of West Sumatra province on Sumatra based in Medan. Sumatra and then into three, namely North Sumatra, Central Sumatra, and South Sumatra. West Sumatra is a province in the Residency and its Residency Central Sumatra and Riau Jambi.
Based on the Emergency Law No. 19 1957, Sumatra and Central parsed into West Sumatra, Riau and Jambi. Kerinci region, previously incorporated in the South Coastal District Kerinci, Residency West Sumatra, Jambi province in the combined as the district itself. Initially, the provincial capital Bukittinggi is new, but then moved to the Padang.
by:wikipedia
Conditions and natural resources
Geography
Maninjau Lake, one of the lake in West Sumatra
West Sumatra is located in the western part of the central island of Sumatra with a 42,297.30 km ². This province has a low in the west coast, and high vulkanik formed Bukit Barisan which extends from northwest to southeast. Mentawai Islands, located in the Indian Ocean, including in this province. Coastline of West Sumatra entirely with the Indian Ocean along the 375 km.
Lake which is located in West Sumatra is Maninjau (99.5 km ²), Singkarak (130.1 km ²), above (31.5 km ²), Under (Dibaruh) (14.0 km ²), Talang (5.0 km ²)
Some of the major rivers in the island of Sumatra disgorge in this province, namely Sungai Kampar, Rokan River, River Inderagiri (referred to as the Batang Kuantan in the upper part), Sungai Kampar and Batang Hari. All this river estuary on the east coast of Sumatra, the Riau and Jambi provinces.
The rivers that empty in the west coast of short-shorts. Some of them are Batang Anai, Batang Arau, and Trunk Tarusan.
The mountains in West Sumatra is Marapi (2,891 m), Sago (2,271 m), Singgalang (2,877 m), Tandikat (2,438 m), Talakmau (2,912 m), Talang (2,572 m).
Biodiversity
West Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a rich source of biodiversity. Most of the region is still the natural forests and protected.
In tropical forests in West Sumatra can be found many rare species, such as Rafflesia arnoldii (the world's largest flower), Sumatran tiger, gibbon, tapir, deer, bear, and various types of bird and butterfly.
There are two National Park in the province: Siberut National Park is located on the island of Siberut (Mentawai District) and the Kerinci Seblat National Park. National Park last extend the area in four provinces: West Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu and South Sumatra.
In addition to the two National Park is still some other nature, that is Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, Lembah Anai Nature Reserve, Batang Palupuh Nature, Nature Valley Harau, Taman Raya Bung Hatta, and Nature Reserve Beringin Sakti.
natural resources
Coal, iron, stone, stone Galena, black Lead, Zinc, Manganase, Gold, lime stone (cement), coconut palm, Fisheries, Cocoa.
Social
Tribal nations
The majority of the population of West Sumatra is the Minangkabau tribe. In areas other than Pasaman tribe also dwelt Minang ethnic Batak Mandailing Mentawai tribe found in the Mentawai Islands.
Languages
The language used in daily life is the local language, namely English Minangkabau who has several dialects, such as dialect Bukittinggi, Pariaman dialect, dialects and dialect Pesisir Selatan Payakumbuh. Pasaman in the area bordered by the North Sumatra, dituturkan also Mandailing Batak dialect, which is usually used ethnic Batak Mandailing. Meanwhile, in the form of the Mentawai Islands and is located some forty kilometers offshore West Sumatra, the language used is English Mentawai.
Religion
The majority of the population of West Sumatra Islamite. In addition there is also a Christian in the Mentawai Islands, and the Hindu and Buddhist, in general, is the newcomer.
Education
Universities in West Sumatra:
* State University of Padang
* University
* Bung Hatta University
* University Baiturrahmah
* University Putra Indonesia
* University Ekasakti
* Muhammadiyah University of West Sumatra
* Institute of Technology, Padang
* STSI Padang Panjang
* STMIK Indonesia
* STMIK Jayanusa
* STBA decent
* STIE "KBP" Padang
* Dharma STIE Andalas
* AKBP Padang
* ABA Alaska
* Industrial Technology Academy Padang
Social Issues
Unemployment, teenage dropouts, street children and the general social problems faced by all local governments in Indonesia. While for the West Sumatra provincial unemployment, street children and teenagers out of school are relatively small.
Government country
Until 1979 the smallest unit of government in West Sumatra is country, existing before the independence of Indonesia. By The implementation of Law No. 5 Year 1979 on Village Governance, Nagari status removed, and the ellipse-ellipse enhanced status and became the village. The position of Wali Nagari deleted and administration of government run by the village head.
With the introduction of the Autonomous Region in 2001, the term other than "country" and their return keistimewaannya used in West Sumatra.
Nagari led by a Wali Nagari, and in the running of government, assisted by the Guardians Nagari some Jorong head. Wali Nagari selected by children nagari (nagari population) are democratic. Usually chosen to be the guardian nagari are considered the most about all aspects of life in Minangkabau culture, so that the guardian is able to nagari all the problems faced by children nagari.
In an established Kerapatan Nagari Adat Nagari, which is the institution of Tigo Sajarangan fireplace. Tigo Sajarangan fireplace is a representation of children nagari consists of Alim Ulama, Cadiak Pandai (the intellectual) and Niniak mamak the leader of a tribe in Nagari. Important decision that decision will be taken always between Wali Nagari and Tigo Sajarangan fireplace in the Balai Adat, or royal audience hall Sari Nagari.
Employment
As in other areas in Indonesia, penganggura is still a problem that is still not resolved. In 2006, unemployment in Sumbar reach 48% or about 853,123 people. [1] [2] The high number is due to the low employment in almost all sectors of development in Sumatra. [2]
Energy and Mineral
At this time have found the source of iron minerals such as seeds, plumbum, mangan-quality exports, including in South Solok, Dharmas Raya and Surian (Bath Beach Solok).
Transportation
Air transportation to and from West Sumatra at this time through the Minangkabau International Airport (BIM) with the international abbreviation MIA. Airports community pride of West Sumatra are located in Padang Pariaman district, approximately 20 km from the center of Padang. Airports began actively operating at the end of 2005 replaces the Tabing Airport.
Transportation land for public transport to and from West Sumatra is at the Regional Air Terminal Pacah, Padang. Terminal serves public inter-city inter-provincial (AKAP) and between cities in the province (AKDP). Distribution channels between cities in the province's Regional Air Terminal Pacah will end in the area of level II namely public transport terminal in each municipality or district in West Sumatra.
Sea transportation to and from West Sumatra is at the Port of Bay Bayur, Padang.
Transportation to and from the rivers of West Sumatra at Muara Port, Padang. Muara Port of transportation, among others, serve the Mentawai Islands using fast boats (or ferry boat speed). This port is also a place of rest to its cruise ships (yachts).
Tourism, Arts and Culture
Basa Istano Pagaruyung built in the typical architecture Minang
Root bridge, the potential tourist objects to dipopulerkan
Tourism
In the province we can find almost all kinds of natural objects such as sea tours, beaches, lakes, mountains and the canyon, in addition to cultural tourism object. Accommodation hotels have started a lot of class from jasmine to four stars. Tour & travel agents under the membership ASITA West Sumatra is more than 100 units. Complete supporting facilities for tourism, the government also provides a train tour that operates at a certain hour.
Objects that attract tourism and many tourists visited are:
* Lake Maninjau
* Lake Singkarak
* Lake Above and Below
* Lembah Anai, Padang Panjang
* Panorama Sianok canyon, Bukittinggi
* Benteng Fort de Kock, Bukittinggi
* Jam Gadang, Bukittinggi
* Beach Air Manis, Padang
* Beach Muaro, Padang
* Caroline Beach, Padang
* Palace Pagarruyung, Batusangkar
* Harau, Payakumbuh
* Gunuang Red and White, Hard Water
Music
Feel the Minangkabau in West Sumatra each music mixed with any type of music at this time will be seen from each of the songs are circulating in masyarat. This is because the music can Minang diracik with the flow of any type of music so well can be heard and accepted by the community. Elements feel of our music consists of traditional music instruments instruments saluang, bansi, talempong, rabab, and gandang tabuik.
Minangkabau instrumentalia form of music and songs from this region in general are melankolis. This is closely associated with the structure of the population who have a sense of brotherhood, love and family relations will be home to be with the high customs wander away.
The music industry in West Sumatra's growing with the emergence of artists who can mix Minang music to modern music in the traditional Minangkabau. The development of modern music Minangkabau in West Sumatra has been started since 1950s marked the birth of Light Gumarang.
Elly Kasim, Tiar Ramon Yan Juned and local performers is the famous West Sumatra in the era of 1970s to the present.
Among the companies that developed the music recording West Sumatra Minang Record is located in the city of Bukittinggi.
Recording companies in West Sumatra, among others:
* Minang Record (Bukittinggi)
* Tanama Record (Padang)
* Gita Virma Record (Bukittinggi)
* Planet Record (Padang)
* Pitunang Record (Padang)
* Record Sinar Padang (Padang)
* Caroline Record (Padang)
At this time the performers, the creator of songs, music and Playground in West Sumatra shelter under the organization PAPPRI (United Artists Penyanyi Creator Playground song music recording Indonesia) and PARMI (United Artists Minang Indonesia).
Dance
The classical dance traditions that come from the West Sumatra ditarikan by men and women generally have a movement active dynamic but remain in the groove and the special order. This uniqueness lies in the principle Minangkabau dance to learn that nature, therefore dynamism dance-movement dance tradition Minang always typify elements of nature. The influence of Islam, their unique customs and kebiasan wander matrilineal society also gives the influence of a life in Minangkabau dance tradition.
Various traditional dance from West Sumatra include:
1. Dancing plates
2. Tari Payung
3. Dancing Randai
4. Dancing Pasambahan
5. Dancing Indang
Art of traditional dance from the International Pencak Silat is a merging of dance movement and martial arts typical Minang. Pencak Silat in Minangkabau have some flow, flow between its Kumango.Tarian this tiger is usually taught to men in Minangkabau small to tread since the age of clever baligh (the age of 6 to 12 years) to make provision wander. During this dance art Pencak Silat is the world federation with the world pencak silat IPSF (International Pencak Silat Federation).
House Ceremony
Custom house called the House of West Sumatra Gadang. Custom house speaker each tiangnya not horizontal or vertical, but have a slope. This is caused by the first person who came from the sea only know where I make a boat. Ship design is what makes imitated in the house. Custom house jugat nails but do not use the wooden pegs. This region of West Sumatra due to the earthquake-prone, both vulkanik and tektonik. If dipasak with each timber will have the stronger the earthquake mengikatnya. [Reference?]
Traditional Weapon
Weapon traditional West Sumatra is Keris. Keris usually worn by men and placed on the front, while now only be used for the bridegroom men. Various types of spear, sword length, chopsticks are also used by kings in Minangkabau maintain themselves.
Food
In the culinary world, West Sumatra, Padang, the cuisine and the restaurant. Padang is famous for the spicy cuisine can be found in almost all corners of the archipelago, and also can be found overseas.
Some examples of food from West Sumatra is a very popular rendang, Sate Padang, jerked meat Balado, Ayam Pop, Soto Padang, and pulp Kampiun
In addition, the West Sumatra also has hundreds of recipes, such as Galamai, diamond, Kipang Beans, Bareh Randang, Dakak-dakak, Rakik Maco, Karupuak Balado and Karupuak Sanjai. Food typical of each city and district in West Sumatra to be the fruit of (gift) is the famous city with bengkuang and karupuak balado, Kota Padang Panjang satenya with the famous, with the City of Bukittinggi karupuak sanjai, Payakumbuh with the City and galamai bareh rendang, Agam regency, the palai pensi rinuak and, with the South Coastal District rakik Maco, Tanah Datar with lamang The Limo and dakak-dakak simabua it.
Literature
Literature on the history of West Sumatra and the Minangkabau culture in general can be found among others in the Cultural Center for Information Documentation Minangkabau (PDIKM), which is located in the middle of the village tourism object Minangkabau (Minangkabau Village), the city of Padang Panjang, West Sumatra.
PDIKM in many historical information stored Minangkabau society, especially since the 18 century (Dutch colonial period) to the new form of documentation 1980'an photos mikrograf newspapers, traditional clothing, tapes recording the songs, documentation letters governance and flow history Minangkabau society in detail.
Literature on the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, and many will also be established in the Library KITLV (Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde) and in Leiden University Library, both in Leiden, Netherlands.
History of West Sumatra (Minangkabau)
Main article for this section are: History of West Sumatra
West Sumatra in the past is the core of the Kingdom of Pagaruyung. Adminisitrasi in the colonial Dutch East Indies, joined in this area Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust which also includes local Tapanuli. Since 1906 the Tapanuli separated into Residentie Tapanuli. While the region and then combined to Kerinci in Sumatra's Westkust.
At the beginning of the independence of Indonesia, the region of West Sumatra province on Sumatra based in Medan. Sumatra and then into three, namely North Sumatra, Central Sumatra, and South Sumatra. West Sumatra is a province in the Residency and its Residency Central Sumatra and Riau Jambi.
Based on the Emergency Law No. 19 1957, Sumatra and Central parsed into West Sumatra, Riau and Jambi. Kerinci region, previously incorporated in the South Coastal District Kerinci, Residency West Sumatra, Jambi province in the combined as the district itself. Initially, the provincial capital Bukittinggi is new, but then moved to the Padang.
by:wikipedia
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